Estradiol Hormone Strongest Prohormones Steroids E2 50-28-2

Estradiol Hormone Strongest Prohormones Steroids E2 50-28-2

Estradiol
MF:C18H24O2
MW:272.38
:50-28-2
Content:99%
Properties:white crystalline powder

Description

Estradiol (abbreviated as E2), or 17β-estradiol, also known as estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol, is a steroid and estrogen sex hormone, and the primary female sex hormone. It is named for and is important in the regulation of the estrous and menstrual female reproductive cycles. Estradiol is essential for the development and maintenance of female reproductive tissues but it also has important effects in many other tissues including bone. While estrogen levels in men are lower compared to women, estrogens have essential functions in men as well. Estradiol is found in most vertebrates as well as many crustaceans, insects, fish, and other animal species.

Estradiol or œstradiol (American or British English usages), derives from estra-, Gk. οἶστρος (oistros, literally meaning "verve or inspiration") and -diol, a chemical name and suffix indicating that this form of steroid and sex hormone is a type of alcohol bearing two hydroxyl groups.

Estradiol is produced especially within the follicles of the female ovaries, but also in other endocrine (i.e., hormone-producing) and non-endocrine tissues (e.g., including fat, liver, adrenal, breast, and neural tissues). Estradiol is biosynthesized from progesterone (arrived at in two steps from cholesterol, via intermediate pregnenolone). One principal pathway then converts progesterone to its 17α-hydroxy derivative, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, and then to 4-androstenedione via sequential cytochrome P450-catalyzed oxidations.[citation needed] Action of aromatase on 4-androstenedione generates estrone, and action of a dehydrogenase on this gives the title compound, 17β-estradiol.[citation needed] Alternatively, 4-androstenedione can be converted into the androgen, testosterone, which in turn can be converted directly into 17β-estradiol.

Medical uses
Hormone replacement therapy
Menopause
If severe side effects of low levels of estradiol in a womans blood are experienced (commonly at the beginning of menopause or after oophorectomy), hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may be prescribed. Such therapy is usually combined with a progestin to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer.

Hypogonadism
Estradiol is used as an agent of stimulating female puberty induction, as in the treatment of delayed puberty caused by hypogonadism (e.g., in Turner syndrome).

Transgender care
Main article: Hormone replacement therapy (male-to-female)
Estrogen therapy is also used as part of the hormone replacement therapy for trans women. Oral, transdermal, implanted, or injectible (subdermal and intramuscular) estradiol is used in higher concentrations during initial treatment and transition; estradiol is continued in lower doses to maintain female-level hormones following sex reassignment surgery.

Hormonal contraception
Estradiol is used, in combination with a progestogen and often in ester form, in estradiol-containing oral contraceptives and combined injectable contraceptives. However, a more potent chemical derivative of estradiol, ethinyl estradiol, is by far the most commonly used estrogen in hormonal contraceptives. Combined forms of hormonal contraception contain estrogen and a progestin, which both contribute to the inhibition of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which accounts for the ability of these birth control methods to prevent ovulation and thus prevent pregnancy. Other types of hormonal birth control contain only a progestin and no estrogen.

Hormone-sensitive cancers
Estrogen therapy is used to treat advanced prostate cancer and breast cancer, though mostly in the past and with more potent estrogens than estradiol like ethinyl estradiol and diethylstilbestrol. Estradiol undecylate has been used in high dosages for the treatment of prostate cancer, however.

Other uses
Estrogen therapy may be used in treatment of infertility in women when there is a need to develop sperm-friendly cervical mucus or an appropriate uterine lining.This is often prescribed in combination with clomifene.

Estrogens have been used to limit final height in adolescent girls with tall stature.

Estrogen deprivation
See also: Antiestrogen
Inducing a state of hypoestrogenism may be beneficial in certain situations where estrogens are contributing to unwanted effects, e.g., certain forms of breast cancer, gynecomastia, premature closure of epiphyses, and inhibiting feminization in hormone replacement therapy for transgender men. Estrogen levels can be reduced by inhibiting production using GnRH analogues or blocking the enzyme aromatase using an aromatase inhibitor, such as anastrozole, or with an estrogen receptor antagonist, such as tamoxifen or fulvestrant.

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