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127-40-2 Pharmaceutical Raw Materials , Luteine Raw Material Powder For Food
- HongKong Saichuang
Food additive
- Hubei China
- ISO9001
- 100grams
- Negotiated
- 25kg/drum
- within 3-7days after received payment
- T/T, Western Union, MoneyGram
- 5000kg per week
Hongkong Pengfei Pharmaceutical Technology Co.,LtdChina
-
Hongkong Pengfei Pharmaceutical Technology Co.,Ltd2020-07-10 09:46:19
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Product Details
| Product Name: | lutein | Other Name: | Luteine | Number: | 127-40-2 |
| ChEBI: | CHEBI | ChemSpider: | 4444655 | E number: | E161b |
| PubChem: | 5281243 | UNII: | X72A60C9MT | Chemical formula: | C40H56O2 |
| Molar mass: | 568.871 g/mol | Melting point: | 190 °C (374 °F | Appearance: | Red-orange crystalline solid |
Product Description
Good quality and competitive lutein,Luteine raw material powder for food additve no 127-40-2
Lutein from Latin luteus meaning "yellow") is a xanthophyll and one of 600 known naturally occurring carotenoids. Lutein is synthesized only by plants and like other xanthophylls is found in high quantities in green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale and yellowcarrots. In green plants, xanthophylls act to modulate light energy and serve as non-photochemical quenching agents to deal with triplet chlorophyll (an excited form of chlorophyll), which is overproduced at very high light levels, during photosynthesis. See xanthophyll cycle for this topic.
Lutein is obtained by animals directly or indirectly, from plants. Lutein is apparently employed by animals as an antioxidant and for blue light absorption. Lutein is found in egg yolks and animal fats. In addition to coloring yolks, lutein causes the yellow color of chicken skin and fat, and is used in chicken feed for this purpose. The human retina accumulates lutein and zeaxanthin. The latter predominates at the macula lutea while lutein predominates elsewhere in the retina. There, it may serve as a photoprotectant for the retina from the damaging effects of free radicals produced by blue light. Lutein is isomeric with zeaxanthin, differing only in the placement of one double bond.
The principal natural stereoisomer of lutein is (3R,3′R,6′R)-beta,epsilon-carotene-3,3′-diol. Lutein is a lipophilic molecule and is generally insoluble in water. The presence of the longchromophore of conjugated double bonds (polyene chain) provides the distinctive light-absorbing properties. The polyene chain is susceptible to oxidative degradation by light or heat and is chemically unstable in acids.
Lutein is present in plants as fatty-acid esters, with one or two fatty acids bound to the two hydroxyl-groups. For this reason, saponification (de-esterfication) of lutein esters to yield free lutein may yield lutein in any ratio from 1:1 to 1:2 molar ratio with the saponifying fatty acid.
Lutein is a natural part of human diet when fruits and vegetables are consumed. According to the NHANES 2013-2014 survey, adults in the United States average 1.7 grams per day of lutein and zeaxanthin combined. For individuals lacking sufficient lutein intake, lutein-fortified foods and dietary supplements are available. While no recommended dietary allowance currently exists for lutein, positive health effects have been seen at dietary intake levels of 6–10 mg/day. The only definitive side effect of excess lutein consumption is bronzing of the skin (carotenodermia).
The functional difference between lutein (free form) and lutein esters is not entirely known. It is suggested that the bioavailability is lower for lutein esters, but much debate continues.
As a food additive, lutein has the E number E161b (INS number 161b) and is extracted from the petals of marigold (Tagetes erecta). It is approved for use in the EU and Australia and New Zealand but is banned in the USA.
Some foods are considered good sources of the nutrients:
| Product | Lutein/zeaxanthin (micrograms per hundred grams) |
|---|---|
| nasturtium (yellow flowers, lutein levels only) | 45,000 |
| kale (raw) | 39,550 |
| kale (cooked) | 18,246 |
| dandelion leaves (raw) | 13,610 |
| nasturtium (leaves, lutein levels only) | 13,600 |
| turnip greens (raw) | 12,825 |
| spinach (raw) | 12,198 |
| spinach (cooked) | 11,308 |
| swiss chard (raw or cooked) | 11,000 |
| turnip greens (cooked) | 8440 |
| collard greens (cooked) | 7694 |
| watercress (raw) | 5767 |
| garden peas (raw) | 2593 |
| romaine lettuce | 2312 |
| zucchini | 2125 |
| brussels sprouts | 1590 |
| pistachio nuts | 1205 |
| broccoli | 1121 |
| carrot (cooked) | 687 |
| Maize/corn | 642 |
| egg (hard boiled) | 353 |
| avocado (raw) | 271 |
| carrot (raw) | 256 |
| kiwifruit | 122 |
Safety
In humans, the Observed Safe Level (OSL) for lutein, based on a non-government organization evaluation, is 20 mg/day. Although much higher levels have been tested without adverse effects and may also be safe, the data for intakes above the OSL are not sufficient for a confident conclusion of long-term safety. Neither the U.S. Food and Drug Administration nor the European Food Safety Authority consider lutein an essential nutrient or have acted to set a tolerable upper intake level.
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